Tasks:
-----

 Copy current buffer to new file:  C-x h, C-x f, C-y
 To abort current command: C-g

Editing:  
-------
         
Modifying Text:
---------------
ESC u    - Change next word to upper case
ESC l    - Change next word to lower case
ESC c    - Capitalize next word
ESC - ESC l - Capitalize previous word
ESC - ESC u - Change previous word to upper case
ESC - ESC l - Change previous word to lower case
C-x C-u  - Change highlighted text (region) to upper case
C-x C-l  - Change highlighted test (region) to lower case
C-x C-t  - transpose-lines: Flip the position of current line and the one above. 
C-t      - transpose-chars: Flip the position of current character and the one before.
ESC t    - transpose-words: Flip the position of current word and the one before.
C-x u    - Undo
ESC x revert-buffer - Revert to before last save
Esc c recover-file  - Recover buffer from auto-save file.


Searching:
--------- 
C-s         -  Search forward.
C-r         -  Search backward.
C-s CR      -  Non incremental search.
ESC C-S     -  RegExp search (Esc CNTRL+SHIFT+S).
C-s ESC y   -  Start a search using text in kill ring
C-s C-w     -  Start a search using the word the cursor is on.
ESC p       -  Bring back previous search command.
ESC n       -  Bring back next search command.

  
Searching Replace:
-----------------

ESC %       -  Search and replace (ESC SHIFT-%).
ESC C-%     -  RegExp search and replace (ESC CNTRL+SHIFT+%).
Space       -  Replace
n           -  skip occurence without replacing.
!           -  Replace all no questions.
,           -  Replace and wait for space to be pressed before contining.
C-r         -  Enter recursive edit.
               While in a search/replace C-r enters recursive-edit mode
               where you can type other editing commands and then ESC C-c
               to return to the search/replace your doing. 
ESC C-c     -  Exit recursive edit. 
C-x ESC ESC -  Bring back last command.  ESC p to scroll backwards through commands.
ESC p       -  Bring back previous search or replace string.
ESC n       -  Bring back next search or replace string.

RegExp Search:
-------------
  The carriage return at the end of the line is entered as C-q C-j. 
  C-q "quotes" the next character entered.

  Example: To switch from brace style in code where the { is on 
           a line by itself to the *correct* way where the {  appears
           at the end of the line use:

           ^\(.*\)^q^j[ \t]*{[ \t]*^q^j RETURN \1 {^q^j
           Note: ^q^J means CNTRL-Q CNTRL-J. 

Occurs Search:
--------------
Esc x occur  - Filter buffer tonly diplay lines that match searc.
C 1-9        - Before entering occur command hit CNTRL and a number key to specify the 
               number of line of context around each line that matches. Default is 1.
             - Note: While in occurs buffer press return on a matched line to 
               scroll upper listing to that line.


RegExp Syntax in Emacs:
---------------------
 Matching text:

 ^    Match beggining of line
 $    Match end of line
 .    Match any character execpt \n
 \b   Either end of word
 \B   Not at either end of word. 
 \<   Start of word
 \>   End of word
 \w   Word character A-z, 0-9
 [ ]  Match any char between brackets.
 [^ ] Match any char not between brackets.
 `    Match at begining of buffer
 '    Match at end of buffer
 


 How many times:
 --------------

 ?   None or 1 times
 +   At lease once
 *   o to many times
 *?  Same as * but non greedy (match as little as possible)
 *+  Same as + but non greedy
 ??  Same as ? but non greedy

 Alterantion:
 -----------
 To do an Or search for "this" OR "that" use \| as the OR

 this\|that

 Examples:

   Non greedy maching:
   ------------------
   Assume you wish to remove the html tags in this text:
   <b>some text</b>
   The regexp <.*> would greedily match the entire line, from the opening < to the second 
   > at the end of the line.
   To avoid this and just match "<b>" and "</b>" use:  <.*?>


Cut, Pasting, Marking:
-------------------------
C-y          - yank: Paste 
ESC y        - yank-pop: Pops prior copied or killed text from kill ring.
             If you copy/kill multiple times you can paste previous copies with ESC y. 
C-SPC        - set-mark-command
ESC w        - Copy marked region
C-x C-x      - exchange-point-and-mark: places cursor at start of marked region. 
               On non graphical terminals where marked region is not highlighted 
               use this to double check what marked region is before a delete.  
C-x h        - Mark whole buffer. 

C-x rk       - kill rectangle
               If a rectangle spans many pages it can take too long to scroll down using the down arrow key.
               Instead, first toggle transient-mark-mode on: M-x transient-mark-mode 
               Set the mark (Cntrl-Space) at the upper left of rectangle, use the page down key to get
               to bottom of rectangle (dont use Esc X->), move the cusor the lower right of rectangle
               and C-x rk to kill it.
               Then toggle transient-mark-mode off by entering it again: M-x transient-mark-mode 

C-x ry       - paste rectangle
C-x rt       - Replace rectange with string (prompts for string).
ESC -1 [End] - Mark words. [End] is set to M-@ (mark-word). To mark next word [End]. To mark next 2
               words ESC 2 [End]
               To mark previous word ESC -1 [End]

Killing
-------
C-k        - kill line
C-Delete   - kill word
C-\        - backward kill word
C-x rk     - kill rectange
C-w        - Kill marked region
ESC-SPC    - Kill all white space but one around point
ESC-\      - Kill all white space around point 

Indenting:
--------
C-x rk     - To decrease indent use rectangle delete.  Set mark at top left of box of spaces to delete, 
             move cursor to bottom right of box, and C-x rk to kill the rectangle.
C-x ro     - To increase indent use open-rectangle. Set mark at first line and first char of box to indent.
             Move cursor to last line ob box and over to the right the number of spaces you wish to indent- 
             then c-x ro. You may have to put this (set-default 'indent-tabs-mode nil)  in .emacs to tell 
             emacs to insert space and not tabs.
C-x rv     - delete-whitespace-rectangle.  This command will delete all white space in the specified
             rectangle.
             Use it to change varying number of space to one.
             For example to change:  
             This: 

               " select                 \n" + 
               "  customer_id,                 \n" +
               "  customer_fname,           \n" +
               " from customers          \n" +        
             To this:
               " select            \n" + 
               "  customer_id,     \n" +
               "  customer_fname,  \n" +
               " from customers    \n" +        
             Set the mark on the first line at the column where you want to delete from, then move to the
             last
             embedded space on the last line and issue the delete-whitespace-rectangle command.
             To make it convient to use delete-whitespace-character bind it to C-x rv.
             Put this in .emacs
               ;; Bind delete-whitespace-rectangle to C-x rv
               (global-set-key "\C-xrv" 'delete-whitespace-rectangle)


Aligning Columns
----------------
align-cols   Set point and mark and this command will align all columns at the mark

   Changes this:

     aaa    bbbb  cccccccc
        1111     2222       33333
     xxxxx  yy zzzzzz            

   To this:
     aaa      bbbb       cccccccc          
     1111     2222       33333
     xxxxx    yy         zzzzzz       


Moving around:
------------
C-l        - Recenter on current line
ESC >      - End of buffer
ESC <      - Beginning of buffer
ESC f      - forward word
ESC b      - back word
ESC e      - Forward sentence.   Sentences are expected to end with period and *two* spaces.
ESC a      - Backward sentence.
ESC k      - Kill sentence.
ESC }      - Forward Paragraph.  Paragraphs are expected to end with CR and a blank line. 
ESC {      - Backward Paragraph.
goto-line  - Go to line number given.
ESC C-f    - Go to next matching brace. Put point on { and use this command to find the matching }.
ESC C-b    - Go back to prior matching brace. Put point just to the right of } and use this command to
             find the matching {.


Directory Edit:
--------------

C-x f     -  Open File or directory in Directory Edit.o
s         -  Sort file listing by date, press s again to toggle back to sort alphabetically.
d         -  Mark a file for deletion when the x key is pressed.
#         -  Mark all #auto-save# files for deletion.
~         -  Mark all backup~ files for deletion.
D         -  Delete a file.
C         -  Copy a file.
R         -  Move a file.
A         -  Reg Exp Search on all marked files.  Use ESC , to move to next match.
Q         -  Reg Exp Search and Replace on all marked files.
Z         -  Gzip's file. Press Z again to uncompress.
m         -  Mark files for later D, C, R, Z as a group. 
u         -  Un-mark a file.
%m        -  Mark files that match a regular _expression. Ex: %m \.gif D  deletes all gif files.
=         -  Do a Unix diff between file marked with C-SPACE and file under cursor.
!         -  Run a unix command on file.
ESC DEL   -  Remove all marks from files.
+         -  Create a directory.

 Note: Add (setq dired-listing-switches "-alB") .emacs to not show auto-saved "~"
 backup files in the directory edit




Bookmarks:
---------
C-x r m    -  Set a named bookmark.
C-x r b    -  Jump to a bookmark. The last bookmark is the default. Press return to select
              the default.  Or type the bookmark name. Press tab to display a list of
              bookmarks. Type a few lettes of bookmark name and then press tab for 
              auto complete.
C-x bookmark-rename  Rename an existing bookmark.
C-x bookmark-delete  Delete an existing bookmark.
C-x r l    -  List bookmarks.
           Bookmark list commands:
d          - Mark a bookmark for deleteion.
r          - Mark a bookmark for renaming.
x          - Execute command on marked bookmarks.
m          - Mark a bookamrk for display
v          - Split window as needed and display each bookmark marked for display.
bookmark-insert -  Insert text from bookmarked file at cursor
bookmark-write  -  Save current bookmarks to file.
bookmark-load   -  Load bookmarks from a file.


Buffers:
-------

C-x C-f    - File open. This auto fills the file name with current directory. 
             To ignore current direcotry path just add  ~/ or // to it. 
ESC p      -  Bring back previous file open command.
ESC n      -  Bring back next file open command.
C-c C-s    - Save
C-x C-w    - Save as
C-x C-i    - Insert file at cursor 


Buffer List Window:
------------------

C-x C-b    - Open buffer list window.
d          - Mark for removal from buffer list.
s          - Mark for save.
x          - Execute commands on all files marked.
m          - Mark buffer for display.
v          - Split window as needed and display each buffer marked for display.
C-x 1      - Expand current window to fill screen.
C-x 0      - Close current window.
C-x b      - Switch to buffer.  Enter name of buffer or press return for buffer list.
C-x 2      - Split into two windows vertically
C-x 3      - Split into two windows horizontally
             After splitting window vertically use C-x < to scroll the text file left in your view
             window, or C-x > to scroll it to the right.  This is reverese of what may be intuitive.

Registers
---------
C-x x      - Copy highlighted text to a register. Will ask for a register name (single characater)
C-x g      - Paste register contents. Will ask for the register.
C-x r      - Copy highlighted rectangle to a register. Will ask for a register name (single characater)
           -  view-all-registers - View all registers and their content

Misc:
----
C-x C-q    - Toggle buffer read only
ESC x      - compare-windows.  If there are two windows on the screen- comapare the current
             windows contents to the other windows contents and scrool to the first different 
             line          
C-g        - To abort current command.
C-z        - In gui env minimize emacs. In terminal suspends emacs- press fg to resume.
ESC-x sort-lines  - Sort the marked lines
Esc x calendar
Esc x calculator
      To switch numbering systems in calculator:
        Press X to switch to hexadecimal
        Press O to switch to octal 
        Press B to switch to binary
        Press D to return to decimal
C-h l List the last 100 keystrokes:



Hex data:
-------

 Esc x hexlify-buffer   To display the curent buffer as hex data (read only).
 Esc x hexl-mode        To edit the current buffer in hex mode 


Shell-Mode:
---------
C-x        - Open a shell.
ESC p      - Previous command.
tab        - Command auto complete.                        
ESC !      - Run a single shell command from mini-buffero


Ange-Ftp:

C-x C-f   - Same command as file open command followed by "/user@host:directory1". 
            or just "/user@host:"  to go to the home directory.
            Note: When Ange-Ftp is running there will be a buffer labeled "*ftp "
            in the buffer list.  Move to this buffer to issue ftp commands 
            directly.



Telnet:
------

ESC-x telnet -  Open a telnet session.



Emacs and CVS:
-------------

 When editing a file in a directory that is part of CVS project use C-x v v
 to perform the  next logical action on that file.
 If the file was added to cvs, and edited since the last commit, then
 C-x v v will  perform a commit on the file.  If the file was newly added to the directory-
 then C-x v v will "cvs add" the file 
 ( do another C-x v v to commit the file).
          
 C-x v v     vc-next-action: Perform the next logical command (commit, add).
 C-x v =     vc-diff: Show differences between last checked in version and this buffer with
             the working copy.
 C-u C-x v = vc-version-diff: Prompts for version numbers and then shows differences between them.
 C-x v u     vc-revert-buffer: Reverts this buffer to the last checked in version.
             All editing since last checkin is discarded.
 C-x v ~     vc-version-other-window : Open a new window with a prior version.
             Prompts for the version number.    
 C-x v l     vc-print-log: Display the cvs log for this file.
 C-x v i     vc-register: Add the file in the buffer to cvs. Same as C-x v v.
 C-x v r     Checkout a prior version by version number, or tag name.
             It will overlay the working copy.
 C-x v s     Apply a tag to this file.
 C-x v a     Update the ChangeLog file. A file called "ChangeLog" will be created in working directory.
 C-x v d     Show a listing of all files in current directory that are in cvs.
             By default only those files locked, or out of sync with the repository
             are shown.  "v t" will show all files. "v t" again will hide them again.
             Once in this dir-ed, you can mark mutiple files and perform a 
             C-x v v (next action) or C-x v u on all of them at once.

Help:
----

C-h k      - Describe key.
             Type C-h k and then the key or command sequence your curious about.
             Example: C-h k C-x C-s 

C-h m      - Describe the current major mode

C-h w      - Where is command.  Give a command name and get the key sequence for it.
             Example C-h w save-buffer

C-h f      - Describe a function.  Give a function name and get documentation for it.
             Example C-h f save-buffer

C-h v      - Describe a variable
             Example:  C-h V tab-stop

C-h F      - Display Emacs Faq
	
C-h b      - Display a list of key bindings.

C-h ?      - Display help options     
    
M-x global-set-key RET C-next  mark-word RET  -- Set a key to a command, This example set CNTRL Page down to highlight word.


                              Functions:
                              ----------


;;
;; A example reg-exp replace function
;;

(defun change-abc-xyz ()
  "Function description here."
  (interactive)
  (goto-char (point-min))
  (replace-regexp "abc" "xyz")
)

;;
;; This function will change the coding style 
;; of Java code, taking the open curly brace that 
;; is by itself on a new line, and pulling it back
;; up to be at the end of the line that declares the 
;; block
;;

;;
;; Note: Any "\" should be prefixed with an escape \
;; So:  \(  becomes \\(
;;      \)  becomes \\)
;;      \w  becomes \\w 
;;      \1  becomes \\1
;; The newline is entered as C-Q C-J. Same as in
;; emacs buffer
;;
(defun fix-curly-braces ()
  "Put curly braces at end."
  (interactive)
  (goto-char (point-min))
  (replace-regexp "^\\(.*\\)[ 	]*
[ 	]*{[ 	]*
" "\\1 {
")
)

Find duplicate lines:
---------------------

^\(.*\)^J\(^.*^J\)*\1

(defun find-first-duplicate-line ()
  "Find a line that is repeated any where else in file."
  (interactive)
  (goto-char (point-min))
  (search-forward-regexp "^\\(.*\\)
\\(^.*
\\)*\\1")
)